Category
Biology
Biology formulas and calculators for genetics, population ecology, and enzyme kinetics explaining how living organisms function and interact. Includes allele frequency, population growth, and cellular reaction rate equations.
29Formulas
2Subcategories
Updated Jul 2026
General
Estimated VO2 Max (Non-Exercise, Simplified)
VO2max ≈ 15 * (HRmax / HRrest)
General
Body Surface Area (Mosteller Formula)
BSA = sqrt((height_cm * mass_kg) / 3600)
General
Cardiac Output
CO = SV * HR
General
Corrected QT Interval (Bazett's Formula)
QTc = QT / sqrt(RR)
General
Standard Drink Alcohol Units
Units = (volume_mL * %ABV) / 1000
General
Insulin-to-Carbohydrate Ratio Dosing
Insulin dose (units) = carb_grams / insulin_to_carb_ratio
General
Ovulation / Fertile Window Estimate
Ovulation day ≈ Cycle length - 14
General
Blood Alcohol Content (Widmark Formula)
BAC = (alcohol_grams / (mass_kg * r)) * 100 - (0.015 * hours)
General
Pulse Pressure
PP = SBP - DBP
General
Mean Arterial Pressure
MAP = DBP + (1/3)*(SBP - DBP)
General
Creatinine Clearance (Cockcroft-Gault)
CrCl = ((140-age)*mass) / (72*Scr) (×0.85 for women)
Population Ecology
Bacterial Doubling Time (Food Safety)
t_d = ln(2) / r
General
Glycemic Load
GL = (GI * carb_grams) / 100
General
Daily Protein Requirement
Protein (g) = mass(kg) * factor (factor ≈ 0.8 sedentary, 1.2-2.0 active/athletic)
General
Daily Water Intake Recommendation
Water (mL) = mass(kg) * 30
General
Pregnancy Due Date (Naegele's Rule)
Due date = Last menstrual period + 280 days
General
Body Fat Percentage (U.S. Navy Method, Men)
BF% = 495 / (1.0324 - 0.19077*log10(waist-neck) + 0.15456*log10(height)) - 450
General
Waist-to-Hip Ratio
WHR = waist_circumference / hip_circumference
General
Ideal Body Weight (Devine Formula)
IBW(men) = 50 + 2.3*(height_in - 60); IBW(women) = 45.5 + 2.3*(height_in - 60)
General
Calories Burned During Exercise (MET Formula)
Calories = MET * mass(kg) * duration(hours)
General
Target Heart Rate (Karvonen Formula)
THR = ((HRmax - HRrest) * intensity) + HRrest
General
Estimated Maximum Heart Rate
HRmax = 220 - age
General
Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE)
TDEE = BMR * activity_factor
General
Basal Metabolic Rate (Mifflin-St Jeor)
BMR = 10*mass + 6.25*height - 5*age + s (s = +5 for men, -161 for women)
General
Body Mass Index (BMI)
BMI = mass / height²
Population Ecology
Michaelis-Menten Kinetics
v = V_max[S] / (K_m + [S])
Population Ecology
Logistic Population Growth
dN/dt = rN(1 − N/K)
Genetics
Punnett Square Ratio (Monohybrid)
Genotype ratio = 1:2:1
Genetics
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
p² + 2pq + q² = 1