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Mechanical Engineering

Mechanical engineering formulas and calculators for statics, dynamics, and thermodynamics used to analyze forces, motion, and energy in mechanical systems. Includes stress, strain, work, and heat transfer equations.

41Formulas
3Subcategories
Updated Jul 2026

General

Feed Rate (Machining)

f_r = f * N

General

Thermal Efficiency of a Heat Engine

eta = W_net / Q_in

General

Machine Efficiency

eta = (Output / Input) * 100

General

Material Removal Rate (Turning)

MRR = V * f * d

General

Cutting Speed (Machining)

V = pi * D * N / 1000

General

Bearing L10 Life

L10 = (C / P)^p * 1,000,000

General

Bolt Preload Stress

sigma = F / A_stress

General

Gear Ratio

GR = N_driven / N_driver

General

Belt and Pulley Speed Ratio

N1 * D1 = N2 * D2

General

Power-Torque-Speed Relationship

P = T * omega

General

Spring Force (Hooke's Law)

F = k * x

General

Angular Momentum

L = I * omega

General

Centripetal Force

F_c = m * v^2 / r

General

Natural Frequency of a Spring-Mass System

omega_n = sqrt(k / m)

General

Gravitational Potential Energy

PE = m * g * h

General

Pump Hydraulic Power

P = rho * g * Q * H / eta

General

Torricelli's Law (Efflux Velocity)

v = sqrt(2 * g * h)

General

Buoyancy Force (Archimedes' Principle)

F_b = rho * g * V_displaced

General

Hydrostatic Pressure

P = rho * g * h

General

Volumetric Flow Rate

Q = A * v

General

Isothermal Work (Ideal Gas)

W = n * R * T * ln(V2 / V1)

General

Coefficient of Performance (Refrigeration)

COP = Qc / W

General

Otto Cycle Thermal Efficiency

eta = 1 - (1 / r^(gamma - 1))

General

Carnot Efficiency

eta = 1 - (Tc / Th)

General

First Law of Thermodynamics (Energy Balance)

delta_U = Q - W

General

Axial Strain Energy

U = F^2 * L / (2 * A * E)

General

Factor of Safety

FOS = sigma_yield / sigma_allowable

General

Beam Deflection (Simply Supported, Center Load)

delta = F * L^3 / (48 * E * I)

General

Torsional Shear Stress

tau = T * r / J

General

Bending Stress (Flexure Formula)

sigma = M * c / I

General

Axial Stress

sigma = F / A

Statics

Simply Supported Beam Reaction (Point Load)

R1 = (F * b) / L

Statics

Static Friction Force

F_f = mu_s * N

Statics

Center of Gravity (Two Point Masses)

x_cg = (m1*x1 + m2*x2) / (m1 + m2)

Statics

Resultant of Two Forces

R = sqrt(F1^2 + F2^2 + 2*F1*F2*cos(theta))

Statics

Moment of a Force (Torque)

M = F * d

Thermodynamics

Ideal Gas Law

PV = nRT

Dynamics

Work-Energy Theorem

W = ΔKE

Dynamics

Kinetic Energy

KE = ½mv²

Dynamics

Newton's Second Law

F = m · a

Statics

Stress

σ = F / A