Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics calculators and formulas for heat, work, and energy transfer in mechanical systems. Covers the first and second laws, entropy, enthalpy, and Carnot efficiency calculations.

7Formulas

All levels Difficulty

Updated Oct 2026

← All Mechanical Engineering (35) Thermodynamics (7)

Fundamental

Thermal Efficiency of a Heat Engine

eta = W_net / Q_in

Fundamental

Isothermal Work (Ideal Gas)

W = n * R * T * ln(V2 / V1)

Fundamental

Coefficient of Performance (Refrigeration)

COP = Qc / W

Fundamental

Otto Cycle Thermal Efficiency

eta = 1 - (1 / r^(gamma - 1))

Fundamental

Carnot Efficiency

eta = 1 - (Tc / Th)

Fundamental

First Law of Thermodynamics (Energy Balance)

delta_U = Q - W

Fundamental

Ideal Gas Law

PV = nRT