Seismology

Seismology calculators and formulas for earthquake magnitude and seismic wave speed. Covers the Richter scale, P-wave and S-wave velocity, and seismic moment calculations.

13Formulas

All levels Difficulty

Updated Oct 2026

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Fundamental

Tsunami Calculator – Speed, Arrival Time & Impact Tool

Multiple

Fundamental

Rock/Mineral Density (Specific Gravity)

SG = Density of Sample / Density of Water

Fundamental

Geothermal Gradient

Gradient = ΔT / Δd

Fundamental

Moment Magnitude Scale

Mw = (2/3)*log10(M0) - 10.7

Fundamental

Seismic Moment

M0 = μ * A * D

Fundamental

Fault Slip Rate

Slip Rate = Total Displacement / Time Elapsed

Fundamental

Tsunami Wave Speed (Shallow Water Wave)

v = sqrt(g*h)

Fundamental

Peak Ground Acceleration Attenuation (Simplified)

PGA = a * 10^(b*M) / (R+c)^d

Fundamental

Earthquake Energy Release (Magnitude-Energy Relation)

log10(E) = 1.5*M + 4.8

Fundamental

Seismic Wave Travel Time

t = D / v

Fundamental

Earthquake Epicenter Distance (S-P Wave Time Interval)

D = (Vp * Vs / (Vp - Vs)) * (Ts - Tp)

Fundamental

P-wave Velocity

V_p = √((K + 4μ/3) / ρ)

Fundamental

Richter Magnitude Scale

M = log₁₀(A) − log₁₀(A₀)