Network Hash Rate Share Calculator
Solve the mining reward relation Reward = (Miner HR / Network HR) · Block Reward for any of its three unknowns — your expected reward, the miner hash rate needed to hit a target, or the network hash rate implied by a target — with step-by-step maths, a live hash-share schematic, and a full set of mining metrics.
Reward is proportional to share, not to absolute hash rate
Doubling your hash rate doubles your expected reward — but only if the network hash rate stays the same. In reality, when you add hash rate, so does everyone else, and the network difficulty adjusts upward. What matters is not your absolute hash rate but your fraction of the total. This is why miners constantly race to add capacity: the race is relative, and standing still means falling behind.
Expected reward is a long-run average
The formula gives you the expected reward per block, not the reward you will actually receive on any given block. Mining is a Poisson process: you either find a block and receive the full reward, or you find nothing. For small miners, the expected value is tiny and the variance is enormous — you might mine for years without finding a solo block, even though the expected reward is well-defined. Pools exist precisely to trade variance for a smaller but steadier income.
Probability compounds with time
The probability of finding at least one block in a period T is 1 − e−λT, where λ is your expected blocks per unit time. For a miner with a 0.0001% share, λ is about 0.000144 blocks per day — the probability of a solo block in a year is about 5%. Over ten years it rises to about 41%. This is why solo mining is essentially a lottery: the expected value is well-defined, but the realisation is highly skewed.
Profitability is an electricity-price race
Two miners with identical hardware and identical hash rates can have completely different profitability, because electricity is the dominant ongoing cost. A miner paying $0.03/kWh can operate profitably at coin prices where a miner paying $0.12/kWh is losing money. This is why mining concentrates in regions with cheap power — stranded hydro, flare gas, curtailed renewables — and why hardware efficiency (joules per terahash) is the key engineering metric.
How to Use This Calculator
The mining reward relation links three quantities: your hash rate, the network hash rate, and the block reward. Choose which one the tool should solve, then fill in the rest.
1. Choose what to solve for
Pick Reward, Miner HR, or Network HR from the toggle. The calculator rearranges Reward = (Miner HR / Network HR) · Block Reward automatically for whichever you choose.
2. Enter your hash rate with the right unit
Use the unit dropdown next to the number to switch between H/s, kH/s, MH/s, GH/s, TH/s, PH/s, EH/s and ZH/s. One Antminer S21 does about 200 TH/s; a GPU rig a few GH/s. Add up every machine you run.
3. Enter the network hash rate
Bitcoin ran around 600 EH/s in 2024, Litecoin around 1 PH/s, Ethereum Classic around 200 TH/s. Use the presets or type in your chain's current figure from a block explorer.
4. Set the block reward and block time
Bitcoin's 2024 reward is 3.125 BTC plus fees, with a 10-minute block time. Both figures determine how many coins are issued per day and therefore what your share is worth.
5. Read the result and verdict
The result card shows your expected reward per block with a colour-coded verdict from dust miner through majority hashrate. The mining breakdown repeats the four key figures together.
6. Switch to Advanced for profitability and probability
Enter coin price, power draw and electricity cost to see daily revenue, daily power cost, net profit, and the break-even electricity price. The probability panel shows the chance of finding at least one block in 24 hours, 30 days, and one year.
What This Tool Offers
Built around the classic mining reward relation Reward = (Miner HR / Network HR) · Block Reward, the fundamental link between hash rate share and mining income.
Three-way solving
Solve for the expected reward, the miner hash rate needed to hit a target, or the network hash rate implied by a target. The calculator rearranges the formula for whichever you choose.
Full unit coverage
Eight hash rate units from H/s to ZH/s, each with its own dropdown, so you can enter values in whatever unit your hardware or block explorer reports.
Share schematic
A proportional bar showing the network hash rate with your share highlighted and a magnified callout with the exact percentage.
Profitability metrics
Enter coin price, power draw and electricity cost to see daily revenue, daily power cost, net profit, hardware efficiency, and the break-even electricity price.
Probability panel
Expected time to find a block, and the probability of finding at least one block in 24 hours, 30 days, and one year — the metrics that actually matter for small miners.
Reference tables
A hash rate unit converter, a share-to-reward lookup grid, and a table of typical mining hardware with hash rate, power draw, and efficiency.
Reference Tables & Conversions
A hash rate unit converter, a share-to-reward lookup grid, and a reference table of common mining hardware.
Hash rate unit converter
Share → Reward Lookup
How much a given share of the network is worth per block, per day, and per year, at a 3.125-coin reward and a 10-minute block time (144 blocks/day).
| Share % | Miner HR at 600 EH/s | Reward per block | Blocks per day | Coins per day | Coins per year | USD per day at $65K |
|---|
Typical Mining Hardware
Representative figures for common ASIC miners and GPU rigs. Efficiency is watts per terahash — lower is better.
| Hardware | Hash rate | Power draw | Efficiency (W/TH) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antminer S21 Pro | 234 TH/s | 3,510 W | 15.0 | 2024 flagship, SHA-256 |
| Antminer S21 | 200 TH/s | 3,500 W | 17.5 | 2024 mainstream, SHA-256 |
| Antminer S19 XP | 140 TH/s | 3,010 W | 21.5 | 2022 flagship, SHA-256 |
| Whatsminer M50S | 126 TH/s | 3,276 W | 26.0 | 2022 mainstream, SHA-256 |
| Antminer S19 | 95 TH/s | 3,250 W | 34.2 | 2020 mainstream, SHA-256 |
| Antminer S9 | 14 TH/s | 1,372 W | 98.0 | 2016 legacy, usually unprofitable now |
| Antminer L7 | 9.5 GH/s | 3,425 W | — (Scrypt) | Litecoin / Dogecoin |
| RTX 4090 GPU rig | ~140 MH/s | 450 W | — (Ethash) | 6-GPU rig, Ethereum Classic |
Variable Reference
| Symbol | Meaning | Typical range | Units |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reward | Expected reward per block | 0 – BR | coins / block |
| Hm | Miner hash rate | 10⁶ – 10²¹ | H/s |
| Hn | Network hash rate | 10¹² – 10²¹ | H/s |
| BR | Block reward | 0.0001 – 50 | coins / block |
| BT | Block time | 0.2 – 15 | minutes |
| s | Share of network | 0 – 1 | Hm / Hn |
| λ | Expected blocks per day | 0 – 144+ | blocks / day |
| CP | Coin price | 0 – 10⁶ | USD |
| PW | Power draw | 0 – 10⁶ | watts |
| EC | Electricity cost | 0 – 1 | USD / kWh |
What Does Reward = (Miner HR / Network HR) · Block Reward Measure?
The hash rate share relation answers the most basic question in mining economics: how much can I expect to earn? It does so by dividing your hash rate by the total network hash rate to get your share of the mining power, then multiplying that share by the reward paid for finding a block. The result is your expected reward per block, averaged over the long run.
What the formula deliberately hides is the enormous variance in short-run outcomes. Mining is a Poisson process: each hash is an independent lottery ticket, and finding a block is a rare event. Your expected reward is well-defined and stable, but the actual reward you receive is not — it arrives in lumps of one full block reward separated by long, unpredictable gaps. A miner with a 0.0001% share expects to find roughly one block every 19 years, even though the expected value of their mining is perfectly computable. Pools exist precisely to smooth this variance, paying each member a proportional share of every block the pool finds instead of the full reward when their own machine happens to solve one.
The Mining Reward Formula
The defining relationship is:
Equivalently, in terms of share:
Reward = s · Block Reward
Rearranged to solve for the other two unknowns:
Network HR = Miner HR · Block Reward / Reward
The daily and annual figures follow from the block time:
Expected blocks per day = s · blocks per day
Coins per day = Reward · blocks per day = s · blocks per day · Block Reward
Coins per year = Coins per day × 365
And the probability of finding at least one block in a period T:
Mining Variables
| Symbol | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Reward | Expected reward per block | Your share times the block reward; the long-run average |
| Hm | Miner hash rate | Total hashing power of all your equipment |
| Hn | Network hash rate | Total hashing power of the whole chain |
| BR | Block reward | Subsidy plus fees; what the network pays per block |
| BT | Block time | Determines how many blocks per day there are |
| s | Share | Your fraction of the network; drives everything |
| λ | Expected blocks per day | s × blocks per day; the Poisson rate parameter |
How Each Variable Affects Expected Reward
Reward is directly proportional to your hash rate and inversely proportional to the network hash rate. Doubling your machines doubles your expected reward; doubling the network hash rate halves it. Because every miner on the network faces the same incentive to add capacity, the network hash rate tends to grow over time, and your share tends to shrink unless you keep investing. This is the mining arms race in one sentence: the absolute number of hashes you produce does not matter, only your fraction of the total.
Block reward and block time set the size of the prize. A chain with a 50-coin reward and a 10-minute block time issues 7,200 coins per day across all miners. A chain with a 3.125-coin reward and the same block time issues 450 coins per day. The network hash rate adjusts to make mining marginally profitable at the prevailing coin price and electricity cost, so block reward and network hash rate are linked through miner economics: if the reward falls and the price stays the same, some miners shut down, the network hash rate falls, and the remaining miners earn a larger share.
The variance is what the formula does not show. A miner with a 1% share expects 1.44 blocks per day — enough that the variance is small and the income is predictable. A miner with a 0.0001% share expects 0.000144 blocks per day — one block every 19 years on average — and the probability of finding at least one block in a given year is only about 5%. The expected value is the same either way; what differs is the distribution of outcomes. Pools convert the skewed distribution of solo mining into a smooth, predictable income stream, at the cost of a small fee.
Mining Reward Calculation Examples
s = 100 × 10¹² / 600 × 10¹⁸ = 1.6667 × 10⁻⁷ = 0.0000167%
Reward = 1.6667 × 10⁻⁷ × 3.125 = 5.2083 × 10⁻⁷ BTC per block
Blocks per day = 1440 / 10 = 144
Expected blocks per day = 1.6667 × 10⁻⁷ × 144 = 2.4 × 10⁻⁵
Coins per day = 2.4 × 10⁻⁵ × 3.125 = 7.5 × 10⁻⁵ BTC
USD per day = 7.5 × 10⁻⁵ × 65,000 = $4.875
Miner HR = 0.01 × 600 × 10¹⁸ / 3.125 = 1.92 × 10¹⁸ H/s = 1.92 EH/s
Network HR = 100 × 10¹² × 3.125 / 0.000001 = 3.125 × 10²⁰ H/s = 312.5 EH/s
λ = 1.6667 × 10⁻⁷ × 144 = 2.4 × 10⁻⁵ blocks/day
Expected time = 1 / 2.4 × 10⁻⁵ = 41,667 days ≈ 114 years
λT = 2.4 × 10⁻⁵ × 365 = 0.00876
P = 1 − e−0.00876 = 0.87%
Daily kWh = 3500 / 1000 × 24 = 84 kWh
Daily cost = 84 × 0.08 = $6.72 per day
Frequently Asked Questions
Because the network's total hash rate is constantly changing. If you add 100 TH/s and everyone else adds 100 TH/s too, the network grows and your share stays exactly the same — you have spent money on hardware and gained nothing. What determines your reward is your fraction of the total hashing power, not the raw number of hashes you produce. This is why mining is described as an arms race: the only way to increase your share is to add hash rate faster than the rest of the network does. In a mature chain like Bitcoin, that means competing with industrial-scale operations in a continuous capital-expenditure cycle.
The expected reward is the long-run average — what you would earn per block if you could repeat the experiment infinitely many times. The actual reward is what you receive on any given block: either the full block reward if you find it, or nothing if you do not. Mining is a Poisson process, so the actual outcomes are highly lumpy. A solo miner with a 0.0001% share might find two blocks in one month and then nothing for twenty years. The expected reward is a useful planning figure, but it says nothing about what will happen in any particular month.
A pool combines the hash rate of many miners and distributes the rewards proportionally. Instead of waiting years for a solo block, you receive a small payment every time the pool finds one — which, for a large pool, is several times a day. The expected value is essentially the same (minus a pool fee of 1–3%), but the variance is dramatically reduced. Pools turn a highly skewed income distribution into a smooth, predictable revenue stream. For anyone without a significant share of the network, joining a pool is the rational choice — solo mining only makes sense for large operations that can absorb the variance.
Three things: revenue, hardware efficiency, and electricity cost. Revenue is your share of the network times the block reward times the coin price — all of which you influence only indirectly. Hardware efficiency is joules per terahash — lower is better, and newer machines are dramatically better than older ones. Electricity cost is the dominant ongoing expense, and it varies enormously by location: from under $0.02/kWh for stranded hydro to over $0.25/kWh for residential rates. Two miners with identical hardware can have completely different profitability purely because of where they plug in. This is why mining concentrates in regions with cheap power.
Your expected reward falls proportionally. If the network hash rate doubles and you do nothing, your share halves and your expected reward halves. The block reward itself does not change — the same number of coins is issued per block — but those coins are now split across twice as much hashing power. This is why a rising network hash rate is bad news for existing miners: it means more competition for the same reward. Conversely, when miners shut down (during a price crash or after a halving), the network hash rate falls, difficulty adjusts down, and the remaining miners earn a larger share.
Difficulty is the network's way of keeping block times constant as hash rate changes. If the total network hash rate rises, blocks would be found faster than the target interval — so the network automatically increases the difficulty, making each block harder to find. The two are directly proportional: at a fixed block time, network hash rate and difficulty move together. In practice, you can convert between them if you know the block reward and the target block time, but the simplest approach is to just look up the network hash rate directly from a block explorer — most display it alongside difficulty.
Almost never, unless you have a substantial share of the network or you are mining a very small chain. The expected value of solo mining is the same as pool mining minus the pool fee, so on paper solo mining looks better. But the variance is enormous. A solo miner with a 0.0001% share has about a 0.87% chance of finding a block in a year, meaning 99% of the time they earn nothing at all despite paying for electricity. A pool smooths that out. Solo mining is only rational for miners whose share is large enough that the probability of finding a block within their planning horizon is high — typically above 1%, which means a very large operation.
Variables
| Symbol | Quantity | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Estimated Reward Share | Expected reward per block period | coins |
| Miner Hash Rate | Individual miner's hash rate | H/s |
| Network Hash Rate | Total network hash rate | H/s |
| Block Reward | Reward per block found | coins |
What it means
A miner’s expected share of block rewards is proportional to their hash rate relative to the total network hash rate. This is used to estimate the average daily mining yield. It helps in choosing between mining pools and in assessing mining hardware profitability. The share decreases as network hash rate increases. Understanding this is essential for miners to set expectations and to plan operations. It is a fundamental calculation in proof‑of‑work mining.
Worked example
Hash Rate Share & Reward Estimate – Two Detailed Examples
Real‑World| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Miner Hash Rate | 1.0e14 H/s |
| Network Hash Rate | 5.0e20 H/s |
| Block Reward | 3.125 BTC |
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Miner Hash Rate | 5.0e12 |
| Network Hash Rate | 3.0e18 |
| Block Reward | 2.0 |
Common mistakes
- Miner hash rate: Your mining rig’s hash rate (e.g., TH/s).
- Network hash rate: The total hash rate of the entire network.
- Block reward: The number of coins per block (including fees).
- Payout: This is the expected share, but pool fees and variance apply.
Applications
Network hash rate share (mining reward estimate) calculates the expected reward for a miner based on their contribution to the total network hash rate. This is essential for miners to estimate their earnings. By knowing their share, they can project income and make decisions about mining pool selection. It also helps in evaluating the competitiveness of a mining operation. This formula is widely used in mining calculators and by pool operators. Understanding hash rate share is crucial for effective mining strategy.
- Estimating daily mining rewards for a given hash rate
- Choosing the most profitable mining pool
- Projecting profitability under different difficulty scenarios
- Evaluating the efficiency of mining hardware
- Educational understanding of mining economics
Related calculators · Mining & Blockchain
Recently updated formulas
Suggest an improvement
Found a mistake? Have a better example? Let us know.
You may send up to 3 suggestions per 24 hours.