Energy & Billing

Energy and billing calculators and formulas for electricity cost, energy consumption, and demand/utilization metrics. Includes kWh usage, demand charge, and load factor calculations.

13Formulas

All levels Difficulty

Updated Jul 2026

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Fundamental

Appliance Load Calculator

Pₜ = Σ(Pᵢ × Qᵢ)

Fundamental

Utilization Factor

UF = Maximum Demand / Rated Capacity

Fundamental

Plant Capacity Factor

PCF = Average Load / Plant Capacity

Fundamental

Diversity Factor

DivF = ΣIndividual Max Demands / System Max Demand

Fundamental

Demand Factor

DF = Maximum Demand / Total Connected Load

Fundamental

Load Factor

LF = Average Load / Peak Load

Fundamental

Annual Energy Cost

Annual Cost = P(kW) × hours/day × 365 × rate

Fundamental

kWh to Joules Conversion

1 kWh = 3.6 × 10⁶ J

Fundamental

Cost of Running an Appliance

Cost = (Watts/1000) × hours × rate

Fundamental

kW to kVA Conversion

kVA = kW / cos θ

Fundamental

kVA to kW Conversion

kW = kVA × cos θ

Fundamental

Electricity Bill Cost

Cost = Energy(kWh) × Rate

Fundamental

Electrical Energy Consumption (kWh)

E(kWh) = P(kW) × t(hours)